Close to 700 people reach out to Pitcairn for information each year, but no one has actually gone through the process to settle there. The nearest major landmass is more than 5,000 kilometers away. Several short scientific expeditions have been made to the island, starting in 1912 during phosphate prospecting. If these estimates are correct, Henderson Island might have the highest densities of plastic pollution reported anywhere in the world. Re-population is starting to look like the only way to keep Adamstown from turning into a ghost town. UNEP/IUCN (1988). & Trevelyan, R. (2004). Soils are generally poorly developed. However, visitors from yachts and fishing vessels may arrive to Henderson before arriving at Pitcairn and not know that access is by permit only. (Brooke et al. [3] The cleanup cleared 100% of the beach, fostered numerous international news articles, scientific studies, and artworks, was recognized with the prestigious classification as a formal "flag . ------------ (1983). About Henderson Island: The Facts: Population: 0 (uninhabited). The depression at the island's center is thought to be a raised lagoon. Area: 14.4 sq mi (37.3 sq km). . It is one of the world's last two raised coral atolls whose ecosystems remain relatively unaffected by human contact. Henderson Island is a speck of land deep in the southern Pacific Ocean, part of the Pitcairn Island chain. It is of Outstanding Universal Value due to the comparatively low level of disturbance which provides a key for baseline information on similar atolls, and its isolation makes it ideal for studying the dynamics of island evolution and natural selection. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland/ Cambridge U.K. Holloway, J. 2004). Produced by the Nature Conservancy Council. (1995). Bathrooms 2 Full baths. Henderson Island is a well-documented case of a resource-poor island that sustained a community only insofar as social and economic support was maintained with neighbouring Mangareva and Pitcairn . A more comprehensive account of the corals is given in UNEP/IUCN (1988). Williams, G. (1960). Due to its relative freedom from man and cyclonic inundations the flora and fauna are unique relicts of the original undegraded condition. Contents 1 Location 2 Area 2.1 Land boundaries 2.2 Coastline 2.3 Maritime claims 3 Climate 4 Terrain They can be downloaded by clicking on the icons below. [1] Breeding colonies of the globally endangered Henderson petrel formerly existed on Ducie but were wiped out by invasive rats by 1922. Ten of its 51 flowering plants, all four of its land birds and about a third of the identified insects and gastropods are endemic a remarkable diversity given the island's size. But by A.D. 1606, the year of Henderson's "discovery" by Europeans, when a boat from a passing Spanish ship landed on the island and saw no one, Henderson's population had ceased to exist. The team collected six tonnes of rubbish, but weather conditions hampered efforts to take the rubbish off the island. Situada en el Pacfico Sudoriental, la isla de Henderson es uno de los pocos atolones del mundo que ha conservado prcticamente intactos sus ecosistemas. Su situacin aislada permite observar en buenas condiciones la dinmica de la evolucin de las islas y la seleccin natural de las especies. Volume 3. The surface is largely a plateau of reef rubble interspersed with areas of sharp coral pinnacles and with extremely rugged dissected karstic limestone round the edges. Henderson. Atoll Res.Bull. With its vast numbers of breeding seabirds, the island is an outstanding example of a raised and forested oceanic coral atoll with its fundamental features intact. Spenser, T. (1995). It also provides a refuge for species under pressure elsewhere. The flora of the Pitcairn Islands: a review. [4] More than 200 years later, on 17 January 1819, Captain Henderson of the British East India Company ship Hercules rediscovered the island. Polynesian Rats, introduced some centuries ago, have been shown to deplete native bird populations. There are no facilities, but research is encouraged by the government and the island is well documented. For additional information, please contact Andrew Powell at 702-267-1555 or Andrew.Powell@cityofhenderson.com. 190 species of fish are recorded with black jack Caranx lugubris being the most common Brooke et al., 2004). A case study of a failed project from the South Pacific", "Exceptional and rapid accumulation of anthropogenic debris on one of the world's most remote and pristine islands", Remote South Pacific island has highest levels of plastic rubbish in the world, "38 million pieces of plastic waste found on uninhabited South Pacific island", "No one lives on this remote Pacific island but it's covered in 38 million pieces of our trash", "Plastic rubbish could finally be removed from world's most polluted place", Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex, Google Street View of the north and north-east beaches, May 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)&oldid=1100913552, This page was last edited on 28 July 2022, at 09:19. Henderson Island, SC Latitude: 34.4701418 Longitude: -81.417877 County: Newberry Area: Blair Elevation: 88 meters - 289 feet. The gyre's rotational pattern draws in trash from across the South Pacific Ocean and far-off continents and deposits them on Hendersons shore. IUCN Directory of Protected Areas in Oceania. While the flora is also typically poor with some 57 native vascular species recorded, these include six endemic species, three endemic varieties and another species endemic to Henderson and Pitcairn. The nearest large land mass is South America which is more than 4,828 kilometres away. IUCN (1991). 89012. [12], Since the introduction of aluminium-hulled long-boats in the 20th century, Pitcairners have made regular trips to Henderson to harvest the wood of miro and tou trees. It represents a raised fossil atoll (Spenser and Paulay 1989). The endemic birds may have no immunity to the fatal avian pox which is transmitted by biting flies such as Hippoboscidae. A 2017 study estimated it has the highest density of plastic debris ever recorded. In August 1937, HMS Leander, on a journey from Europe to New Zealand, carried out an aerial survey of Henderson, Oeno and Ducie, and, on each island, a British flag was planted and an inscription was nailed up proclaiming: "This island belongs to H.B.M. The management objectives it outlined were: protection of the environment and its wildlife; preservation of miro and tau stocks for the future; prevention of damage to the environment, especially by the control of visitors to ensure low impact tourism; prevention of the introduction of exotic species; protection of archaeological relics; and promotion of knowledge of the island, monitoring and research (Brooke et al., 2004). Biol.J.Linn.Soc .56: 43-62. Once plastic lands on the island, irradiation from the suns UV rays makes the plastic brittle and they break apart into hundreds or even thousands of pieces, some of which are less than 2 millimeters across. Randall, J. Most of the plants, such as beach gardenia Guettarda speciosa and the tall screw-pine Pandanus tectorius which covers about 15% of the island, come from eastern Polynesia by introduction, by island hopping or floating. Its fossil corals record changes in sea levels and the climate over half a million years and its isolation makes it an ideal site for studying the dynamics of island evolution and natural selection. Lot Size 6,098 SQFT. Fosberg, F.& Sachet, M-H. (1984). Their impact may have been slight except on now extinct bird species, although there is some disagreement over this (Fosberg et al., 1983; Steadman & Olson, 1985; Bourne & David, 1986). For locations with populations under 60,000, the ACS is . Ramsar and Biosphere Reserve status have been proposed. Spenser, T. & Paulay, G. (1989). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The average monthly maximum temperature during the same period ranged from 29.6C in February to 24.2C in June. A similar phenomenon occurs in the Northern hemisphere, where plastic from around the North Pacific Ocean gets washed onto Hawaiis Kamilo beach. Henderson Island lies in the South Pacific, halfway between New Zealand and Chile. [15], Bones associated with prehistoric Polynesian settlement sites dating to somewhere between 500 and 800 years ago include those of the Polynesian storm petrel, Marquesan imperial pigeon, and Polynesian or Pacific imperial pigeon which are no longer found on the island, and two others Christmas shearwater and red-footed booby that still visit but no longer nest. Henderson has a total of 175,381 people and of those residents there are 87,001 males and 88,380 females. Information and a visitors code of conduct can be passed to visitors at previous ports via the Pitcairn Islands website. [20] Mortality was massive but of the 50,000 to 100,000 population, 60 to 80 individuals survived and the population has now fully recovered. This coral limestone island sits atop a conical (presumed volcanic) mound, rising from a depth of roughly 3,500m (11,500ft). Sa situation isole permet d'y observer la dynamique de l'volution insulaire et de la slection naturelle, et elle est particulirement remarquable pour ses dix plantes et ses quatre oiseaux terrestres endmiques. & Johnson, M. (1987). 56: 377-404. (1983). World Heritage partnerships for conservation. There is also a wintering population of some 40-50 bristle-thighed curlews Numenius tahitiensis (VU). There are six vegetation communities: beachfront, beach-back woodlands, open scrub on cliff slopes, cliff and ledge communities, exposed cliff top, and plateau forests. Pisces Publications, Oxford. The only inhabited island, Pitcairn, has an area of 5 km 2 (1.9 sq mi) and a population density of 10/km 2 (26/sq mi); it is only accessible by boat through Bounty Bay . Plastic pollution on Henderson Island. Late Quaternary history of Pitcairn Island, Pitcairn Group. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 56: 79-119. Blake, S. (1995). (1990). Thomas Raine, master of the ship Surry of London, named it Henderson's Island because it appeared to him, from a conversation he had with James Henderson at Valparaso, to have been Henderson's discovery. Henderson has the ZIP Code 80640. Submission to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office on the Future Conservation of Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Group. 461:1-36. The island was rocked in 2004 by accusations of chronic and ubiquitous sexual abuse of the community's young female members (including pre-adolescent girls), and the subsequent investigation of much of the adult male population (including several who were no longer living there), six of whom were sentenced in New Zealand to terms in prison. Freshwater only occurs on the north and northwest shores, dripping in a low cave, and as brackish springs below high tide level, of unmeasured flow and permanence. Biodiversity and Conservation 14 781-800. The beaches contain an estimated 37.7 million items of debris together weighing 17.6 tonnes. Atoll Research Bulletin 272. Paulay, G. (1989). in 2004. 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[6], In 1902, Henderson Island, along with Oeno and Ducie islands, was formally annexed to the British Empire by Captain G. F. Jones, who visited the islands in a cutter with a crew of Pitcairn Islanders. The terrestrial vegetation has very few exotics, although there are two substantial coconut groves at the principal landing sites and other fruit trees and Cordyline terminalis were deliberately introduced, Lantana camara and Achyranthes aspera, accidentally. The majority of the debrisapproximately 68 percentis not even visible; they are buried under the sand. . As a near-pristine island ecosystem, it is of immense value for science. The main island, with an area of about 2 square miles (5 square km), is a rugged half . They found the island's only known drinkable water source a brackish spring on the north shore, exposed at half tide and ate fish, birds, eggs, crabs and peppergrass, but within a week they had largely exhausted the readily available food. Henderson Island Wildlife Refuge, TN Latitude: 35.9917581 Longitude: -83.4248891 County: Jefferson Area: Shady Grove . The flora is described by St John & Philipson,1962; Fosberg et al., 1983; Flenley et al., 1987 and Waldren et al., 1997, summarised in Brooke et al., 2004. Rats are still a threat to bird life, especially to the endangered ground-nesting Henderson petrel, although this rat is the small Polynesian species Rattus exulans, not the black or brown species. Free viewers are required for some of the attached documents.They can be downloaded by clicking on the icons below. & Spencer, T. (1989). Land bird populations appear to be relatively stable but there is a high risk of introduction to the island of predators, disease vectors, and diseases by unauthorized landings of yachts. For example, the island's invertebrate fauna is little known but about one-third of the insects and gastropods so far collected are endemic. King George VI". Flenley, J., Parkes, A. There are no human inhabitants, no industrial facilities. There is also almost no water and no facilities and visitors are largely restricted to the beach. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Henderson Island. [11], In March 2022 a Royal Navy survey by HMS Spey, as part of an effort to update maritime charts regarding British Overseas Territories, found the island to be 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) south of its indicated position. Paris. May 16, 2017, 8:50 AM Henderson Island has no inhabitants. Henderson Island Management Discussion Document. In the island interior away from the surf, crake vocalizations could be heard from a distance of 75 m. However, within 300 m of the . An awareness programme, involving education and research, forms part of this plan. Marine invertebrates of the Pitcairn Islands: species composition and biogeography of corals, molluscs and echinoderms. Criterion (vii): As one of the last near-pristine limestone islands of significant size in the world, Henderson Island retains its exceptional natural beauty with its white, sandy beaches, limestone cliffs, and rich and almost undisturbed vegetation. Ibis 102: 58-70. The terrestrial vegetation of the island is rich and almost undisturbed. . With Pitcairn, Oeno and Ducie Islands it forms the Pitcairn Island Group . The Chilean islands of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and Sala y Gomez lie to the east. ---------- (2006). The islands of Henderson, Oeno and Ducie were annexed by Britain in 1902: Henderson on 1 July, Oeno on 10 July, and Ducie on 19 December. This coral limestone island sits atop a conical (presumed volcanic) mound, rising from a depth of roughly 3,500 m (11,500 ft). . Its fossil corals are valuable indicators of changes in sea level and climate over 630,000 years. Updated 5-1990, 8-1995, 1-2008, 10-2010, June 2011. Collections of marine molluscs and sponges and of unidentified caridean shrimps, mostly Alpheids, of 5-8 species, were made in 1987. Pitcairn's own population had disappeared at least by 1790 (the year when the Bounty mutineers arrived to find the island uninhabited), and . 99.8% of that pollution is plastic. Henderson Island. 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature and UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending], United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland. 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The nearest major landmass is the continent of South America, more than 5,000 km (2,700 nmi) away. Over the past 500 years, at least four bird species, including three doves and a sandpiper, have become extinct on Henderson Island due to . . The local population on Pitcairn includes some 58 inhabitants, making pressure on Henderson Island, located 200 km to its northeast, low. Those off the north and north-east beaches are seaward sloping reef platforms without reef crests, not typical fringing reefs. April 1988. The population was 436 according to the 2010 United . In 1986 a trail was irresponsibly cut across the island by a party of amateur explorers (Operation Raleigh) which spread several species of plants into new habitats. Central and Western Pacific. Geology and Geomorphology of Henderson Island. Sir Peter Scott Commemorative Expedition to the Pitcairn Islands 1991-1992. The median age of the male population is 35.3 and the female population is 36.4. Submassive Acropora colonies are also present on the buttresses and solid substratum (Richmond in litt., 1987). The UNESCOs website still describes the island as one of the few atolls in the world whose ecology has been practically untouched by human presence., A purple hermit crab on Henderson Island. 1988: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria vii and x. Henderson Island is one of the Pitcairn Islands archipelago in the southeastern Pacific, some 4,800 km equidistant from both Chile and New Zealand. It is part of the Pitcairn Island Group, together with Pitcairn, Oeno, and Ducie Islands. In 2019, HCF led a cleanup of Henderson Island, an isolated island in the Pitcairn Islands, and home to the world's most plastic-polluted beach. with the island population down to just 60 to 80 individuals a few weeks after the bait drop. Henderson-eiland ligt in het oostelijk deel van de Stille Zuidzee en is een van de weinige koraalatollen ter wereld waarvan de ecologie vrijwel onaangetast is. It is the largest of the four islands of the Pitcairn Island group of which only Pitcairn, lying 200 km to its southwest, is inhabited. [14], The island is home to four extant endemic land bird species the Henderson fruit dove, Henderson lorikeet, Henderson reed warbler and the flightless Henderson crake. The presence of tall woody members of a mainly herbaceous family, the Compositae: Bidens hendersonensis and Senecio stokesii, is of particular botanical interest as showing some affinities with a relict southern flora. Henderson Island, one of the four Pitcairn Islands, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is almost never visited by people. This importance was emphasised by the International Biological Programme and by a resolution of the 15th Pacific Science Congress in 1983. are present. There are two narrow channels through the reef on the north and north-western sides. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of Henderson, NV grew from 300,116 to 309,955, a 3.28% increase and its median household income grew from $74,147 to $75,430, a 1.73% increase. There is one gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris, one abundant species of skink Emoia cyanura and two other species. . However, the Pitcairn Island Conservation Officer and scientists from Britain can advise and the Islanders annual visits could report on illegal fishing and exotic species (FCO, 2006). United Kingdom. 2012, Amos et al. Henderson Island prehistory: colonisation and extinction a remote Polynesian island. Vegetation Survey of Henderson Island. Nomination of Henderson Island for Inclusion in the World Heritage List. Bourne, W. & David,A. Small numbers of wandering tattlers Heteroscelus incanus, sanderlings Calidris alba, Pacific golden plovers Pluvialis fulva and Pacific reef herons Egretta sacra occur on the beaches (Hepburn et al., 1992). There is a diverse echinoderm fauna. The resident population of this county is 42,954 and has a population rank of 1,038 out of all the places in the United States. (1995). 52 pp. in 2004. The island's main industry is tourism, as is the case for many small countries in the tropics. The gyre 's rotational pattern draws in trash from across the South Ocean. Gland, Switzerland/ Cambridge U.K. Holloway, J the Future Conservation of Henderson Island is a UNESCO Heritage... Contain an estimated 37.7 million items of debris together weighing 17.6 tonnes fauna! Permite observar en buenas condiciones la dinmica de la evolucin de las especies changes in sea level and over. 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