Her son, Osawe, was crowned Oba of Benin Kingdom with the title "Esigie" (Oseigie) and he reigned from 1504-1550 A.D.|. Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / List Of Obas Of The Benin Empire ( 1180 -present) And History Of Benin Kingdom (2362 Views), Nigerian Man Visits British Museum, Spots Stolen Benin Kingdom Artifacts. Over time, the glowing reports by Portuguese and Dutch visitors in the 15th and 16th centuries were replaced by a narrative of a barbaric, violent, pagan, absolutist state whose people needed to be either rescued and civilised under colonial rule or wiped out altogether. By the 15th century, Benin had expanded into a thriving city-state. One of the most easily identified symbols of the great kingdom is the Benin bronze castings. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. Teslim Opemipo Omipidan is an award winning Nigerian journalist, poet, historian and founder of OldNaija.com. Ovonramwen Nogbaisi (18881914). Benin Kingdom enters a period of decline due to a series of civil wars and the abolition of the slave trade with Europe. European travellers were duly impressed by the flourishing kingdom and its capital. The centralised control of trade was not always popular in the region, despite the protections offered by the oba. He is the 40th Oba, a title created for the Head of State (Emperor) of the Benin Empire at some time between 1180 and 1300. This ivory double bell (Egogo) is one of the oldest surviving African ivory sculptures; only six of these ivory gongs are known. That same account, published in Amsterdam in 1668, said of the royal palace: Every roof is adorned with a small spired tower on which casted copper birds are standing, being very artfully sculpted.. Why this rebel princess of Zulu Kingdom plotted the killing of her own nephew, Shaka Zulu. They include (Gabaro, Akinsemoyin, and Erelu Kuti).Oba ado ruled for 39years. In January 1897, a British party led by James Robert Phillips, acting consul-general of the Niger Coast Protectorate, approached the city with the intention of deposing the oba and establishing a British-friendly native council. 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You can unsubscribe at any time. The oba's vast palace complex is the administrative and religious heart of the Benin Kingdom. For almost 1,900 years, the Binis have practised what we refer to as the monolithic-monarchical system of government. Such resources included large elephant tusks. He was the son of the prince from Ife. He joined his ancestor in 1669 and his first son Gabaro succeeded him. The current Oba of Benin is Oba Ewuare II and he is the 40th Benin Oba. The force dispatched in retaliation to the ambush of a British party, at Ugbine village near Gwato, on the 4th January 1897, by a group of Benin soldiers, actin While he was alive, the oba was divine. The title was first conferred upon Idia, the mother of king Esigie, who used her political skill and supernatural abilities to save her son's kingdom from dissolution in the late fifteenth . Oba Gabaro was installed in 1669 after his father death. The Kingdom of Benin (also known as the Edo Kingdom, or the Benin Empire) was a kingdom in what is now southern Nigeria. Casts of ancestors heads were, therefore, central to religious life in Edo. All rights reserved. Ohen murdered one of his top officials,it is said,and was deposed. As he fled Benin City in February 1897, Oba Ovonramwen looked back to see his royal palace in smouldering ruins. By 1830, as British captain William Fitzwilliam Owen commented, the falling off in the trade was severely felt by the people of Benin. TheKingdom of Benin, also known as theBenin Kingdom, was a pre-colonialkingdom in what is now southernNigeria. BY EMMAN OKUNS. Please note that these dates are quiet uncertain. The Edo People were formally ruled by the Ogisos which means Ruler from the Sky. The first Ogiso (Ogiso Igodo), wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler. List Of Obas Of The Benin Empire ( 1180 -present) And History Of Benin Kingdom, Nigerian Man Visits British Museum, Spots Stolen Benin Kingdom Artifacts. He was coronated as Oba of Benin Kingdom on his 63rd birthday October 20 th 2016 and has since then worked closely . From the mid-19th century, British encroachment in the region increased, under the pretext of the abolition of the slave trade. The bronze casters made images of the faces of past Obas Queen Mothers, leopards, snakes and also depictions of important events . The Portuguese would write this down as Benin City. Below shows the list of Obas of Benin from the 1st Oba of Benin to the 40th and current Oba Oba Oronmiyan - 1170 A.D -1200A.D (1st Oba of Benin) Oba Eweka I - 1200AD-1235AD Oba Uwakhuanhen - 1235AD-1243AD Oba Ehenmihen - 1243AD-1255AD Oba Ewedo - 1255AD-1280AD Oba Oguola - 1280AD-1295AD Oba Edoni -1295AD-1299AD Oba Udagbedo - 1299AD-1334AD All rights reserved. His son whom he left behind was deaf and dumb, and the elders recoursed to Oranmiyan who gave them charmed seeds omo ayo to play with which will make him to talk. He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere, his eldest son. The little Oranmiyan played with the seeds with his peers at Egor, his mothers hometown. He caused his son born to him by Erinmwinde to be made King in his place, and returned to Yoruba land Ile-Ife. ObaofBenin.com contains all the information you need to know about the Oba of Benin and the edo people, the history of Oba of benin, Benin Empire, the list of the present and past obas of benin, edo language, benin language, Oba Erediawa, the current oba of benin The title of Oba was first created by Oba Eweka I, Benin Empire's first 'Oba', who ascended power between 1180 and 1300. None of the 3 before Ewuare I achieved anything of note. Still, externals have . This article is on the coronation ceremonies of the Oba of Benin. 4. In this webinar, Hether Shulman, Assistant Principal, and Anne Marie Osheyack, High School English Teacher, from Jaffrey-Rindge Cooperative School. Brutal fighting dragged on for 10 days till, on 21 February 1897, the British prevailed and burned Benin City to the ground. The Portuguese then sold these enslaved people in the Gold Coast (modern Ghana) in exchange for gold, which they took back to Europe. Oduduwa, who could not return due to age, granted them Oranmiyan, his son, to rule over them. Soon after his arrival he married a beautiful lady, Erinmwinde, daughter of Ogie-Egor, the ninth Enogie (Duke) of Egor, by whom he had a son. Below is a list of kings (both Ogiso and Oba) of the Benin Empire. For several centuries, Benin City was governed by an elected oba along with a council of elders. Alake of Egbaland Fourth on the list of ranking of obas in Yorubaland is the Alake of Egbaland. Oranmiyan was also the founder ofOyo Empirewhere he ruled supreme as the first Aalafin of Oyo and proceeded to ile ife to become the 6th Ooni of ife while his descendants rules in Ile Ife, Oyo and Benin. When the soldiers got back to Britain, the art that had decorated Benin City, and which celebrated a royal lineage stretching back over seven centuries, was sold for profit to private collectors and museums. All rights reserved. The ancient Benin kingdom is known both locally and internationally for its rich history, art, culture and tradition. Infact,Uwaifiokun was deposed by Ewuare in what I would call a coup. It should not be confused with the modern-dayRepublic of Benin, formerly theRepublic of Dahomey. Nairaland - Copyright 2005 - 2022 Oluwaseun Osewa. Though, farther Edo clans, such as the Itsekiris and the Urhobos still referred to the city as Ubini up till the late 19th century, as evidence implies. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Coronation day in Benin. In the 1100s the Ogisos lost control of their kingdom. The people and royal kingmakers preferred their kings son as natural next in line to rule. . The Benin Bronzes taken by the British, later held in museums in London and elsewhere in Europe, as well as America, have long been the subject of great controversy, spawning a proliferation of books, news reports and public enquiries. *OBA GABARO (1669-1704)*. This is one of more than 900 plaques that show aspects of the Benin court in the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries following Europe's first contact with West Africa. The Edo people feared that their country would fall into chaos, so they asked their neighbour, the King of Ife, for help. In the 15th century, the reign of Ewuare I saw the development of new artistic forms associated with a growing religious reverence for past obas, with statues and plaques honouring deceased obas and iyobas. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Amid the European "scramble" for Africa, this invasion enabled Britain to secure a strategic section . List of Obas or Kings of Benin Empire The title of Oba was adopted in Benin Empire after the Ogiso rule ended. The increased demand for such works relied not just on skilled craftspeople but also on the availability of wood fuel, clay and wax, which were gathered locally, traded or paid in taxes. List of Obas of the Benin Empire ( 1180 -present). OldNaija is the home of Nigerian history and cultures with aims of preserving the history and cultures of Nigeria and providing a research and learning opportunity for Nigerians at home and in diaspora. Pressure to return them to Nigeria, building for decades, recently reached a tipping point. Welcome ToFlashlearners:Im Flashisaac; Students Advocate, SEO Expert & A Blogger From The Future. Oba is Traditional Ruler and the custodian of the culture of the Edo people. Queen IDIA was born in the 15th Century in Uzeghudu (now Edo State) and was married to Oba Ozolua. Among the artistic techniques cultivated and perfected there was the lost-wax process of casting metal. Wow!! Says Oba Ewuare has brought peace, orderliness, development and progress to Benin Kingdom. Eweka I (1180-1246) Uwuakhuahen (1246-1250) Ehenmihen (1250-1260) Ewedo (1260-1274) Oguola (1274-1287) Edoni (1287-1292) Udagbedo (1292-1329) Ohen (1329-1366) Egbeka (1366-1397) Orobiru (1397-1434) Uwaifiokun (1434-1440) Ewuare (1440-1473) Ezoti (1473-1475) Olua(1475-1480) Ozolua (1480-1504) Esigie (1504-1547) Orhogbua (1547-1580) Ehengbuda (1580-1602) Ohuan (1602-1656) Ohenzae (1656-1661) Akenzae (1661 . Ewuare II. Benin's kingdom originated in the 900s when the Edo people arrived in West Africa's rainforests. Bronwen Everill is the 1973 College Lecturer in History at Gonville & Caius College, University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, This content was first published in the August 2021 issue of BBC History Magazine, Save up to 40% when you subscribe today and receive a book of your choice worth up to 30 PLUS free access to HistoryExtra.com. The first oba, or king, in Benin was Eweka. Nairaland - Copyright 2005 - 2022 Oluwaseun Osewa. The original people and founders of the Benin Kingdom, theEdo people, were initially ruled by theOgiso(Kings of the Sky) who called their landIgodomigodo. The title of 'oba' means king or ruler. As the capital, Edo had the resources to pay for the supplies and labour that made both monumental architecture and fine artistry possible. Altars to the monarchs of the past, buried in the living quarters they once occupied, nonetheless remain the spiritual heart of this royal compound. His successors continued these efforts, similarly recognising the impact of their predecessors. Post-imperial Obas of Benin since 1914 include Eweka II (1914-1933), Akenzua II (1933-1978),. The height of power for Benin's monarchs began during this period. It has stood in the same location in Benin City for at least 700 years, though its size has expanded and contracted over time. Seizing the excuse for a retaliatory punitive expedition, Sir Harry Rawson, admiral of the British naval station in Lagos, attacked the city with 1,200 Royal Marines. Bini ancient history is one of my favourites. Especially for the British tyre market. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like -dysfunctional dynasty -800s -their Ogiso dies--> they ask Ife to take them over -*Oramniyan* comes and takes over (becomes first Oba of Benin; foreign ruler), -1200-1897 CE -part of Edo culture (speak Edo language; Edo culture encompasses multiple kingdoms) -primary art types: bronze everything, coral beads, ivory pendant masks . His reign as Ewuare I (144073) augured the start of a period of artistic flourishing and state reform, as well as the consolidation of the power of the oba. Benin was one of the most important historical kingdoms in the western African forest region from the 13th to the 19th centuries. In the latter half of the fifteenth century, the kingdom was one of the first on the coast that Europeans encountered. Oba Eweka I, Oranmiyan's son, is said to have ascended to power at some time between 1280 and 1300. who passed on in 1980 that performed the coronation rites for the immediate past Oba of Benin . Six months later, after his kingdom had been absorbed into the British empire, Oba Ovonramwen returned to surrender. The Benin palace (eguae) shares many contemporary elements with royal accommodations worldwide: air conditioning, electricity, electronics, and a glamorous new facade-an innovation of the current monarch, Oba Ewuare II. The exiled Prince Ekaladerhan had changed his name to Izoduwa meaning I have chosen the part of prosperity and found his way toIle-Ife. Major exports traded to European merchants included pepper, ivory, palm oil, blue coral and leopard hides gathered within the expanding territory. so that you can track your progress. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Register or login to make commenting easier. "The greatest legacy of the ancient Benin Kingdom is their glorious Bronze Sculptures many of which reside in the British Museum in London. The new oba took the royal name Ewuare, meaning the trouble has ceased. Thick crowds clog the roads in the heart of Benin City in the south of Nigeria, in expectation of the coronation of the new Oba of the centuries-old Benin Kingdom. The twelfth Oba in line, ObaEwuare the Great(14401473) would expand thecity-states territories to surrounding regions. He expanded the kingdom and improved the capital, present-day Benin City; the city was defined by massive walls. according to Google some of the dates are unconfirmed. Portuguese. The oba, the traditional leader, was backed by a variety of councils and societies made up of chiefs and counselors. Prince Eheneden Erediawa (Edaiken of Uselu) The kingdom was established during the medieval period and ruled by an unbroken chain of Obas, or kings, passing the title from father to son. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Pre-Colonial Political Systems and you are encouraged to log An enormous. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Subscribe from 19.99 every 6 issues and receive a book of your choice worth up to 30 PLUS free access to HistoryExtra.com, Save 65% on the shop price when you subscribe today - Get 13 issues for just $49.99, Benin: a kingdom cast in bronze, brought to ruin by Britain, Try 6 issues for only 9.99 when you subscribe to BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed. Before then, due to the pronounced ethnic diversity at the kingdoms headquarters during the 15th century from the successes of Oba Ewuare, the earlier name (Ubinu) by a tribe of the Edos was colloquially spoken as Bini by the mix ofItsekhiri,Esan,Igbo,IjawEdo,Urhoboliving together in the royal administrative centre of the kingdom. There were two separate annual series of rites that honoured past Obas. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Behold the past Obas of Benin kingdom. The Oba of Benin is the traditional ruler and the custodian of the culture of the Edo people and all Edoid people. OGISO DYNASTY Igodo or Obagodo Ere While playing with the seeds he announced Owomika meaning my hands catch it in yoruba but corrupted to Eweka by the Edos. The obas of Benin trace their origins to a ruling dynasty that began in the fourteenth century. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. During the festival, twelve criminals, chosen from a prison where the worst criminals were held, were sacrificed. Pre-Imperial Obas of Benin (1180-1440) * Eweka I (1180-1246) * Uwuakhuahen (1246-1250) * Henmihen (1250-1260) * Ewedo (1260-1274) * Oguola (1274-1287) * Edoni (1287-1292) * Udagbedo (1292-1329) The then Kingdom of Benin has been and continues to be mostly populated by the Edo. By the 1400s, they had established a prosperous kingdom led by the Oba, a formidable ruler. Which Europeans country started to trade with Benin in 16th Century? The Benin Empire made great achievements in science, administration, technology, architecture, astronomy and town-planning, but it is most famous for its amazing artworks. Oranmiyan was resisted by Ogiamien Irebor, one of the palace chiefs and took up his abode in the palace built for him at Usama by the elders (now acoronationshrine). This actually made my revered father the 39th Oba of Benin, if the listing is counted from and should be counted from Oromiyan. However, they all preserved their titles and status as traditional rulers in modern-day Nigeria. She is credited to have founded the first informal. Edo Moved from Ogiso Dynasty to Oba Dynasty. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. As the anthropologist RE Bradbury commented, within the obas realm, No one could be put to death without his consent, and any person accused of a capital offence had to be brought before his court. 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