5These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions: Go nowhere among the Gentiles, and enter no town of the Samaritans, Jesus Cleanses Ten Lepers [2], The Kingdom of Israel was destroyed by the Neo-Assyrian Empire around 720 BCE. | Privacy Policy But why did Omri choose the hilltop site of Samaria (Shomron) as his capital? The reverse side depicts the Persian King in his kandys robe facing down a lion that is standing on its hind legs. Personal names attested on these shards belong either to absentee landlords temporarily residing in the royal compound of Samaria and receiving the shipments from their own local estates or to clan heads who were sending tax payments to the king. Israel has been criticized for the policy of establishing settlements in Samaria. a district between Galilee and Judea, and between the Jordan river and the Mediterranean Sea. (the Iron Age), they were uncovered from the site of Samaria the Biblical capital of the northern kingdom of Israelduring the 1920s and 1930s. Shomron, modern Sebaste) is a city established as the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of the Ephraimite ruler Omri c. 884 B.C.E. But his marriage, policies, and foreign alliances invited the biblical writers scorn. Ron E. Tappy is the G. Albert Shoemaker Professor of Bible and Archaeology at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, the Director of the James L. Kelso Museum, and the Project Director of The Zeitah Excavations. Samaria was the capital of Israel until its fall to the Assyrians. The Omride palace was located on an elevated four meter high rock-cut platform that isolated it from its immediate surroundings. In Matthew 10:5, Jesus instructs his disciples: "Do not enter any town of the Samaritans." However, a permanent site for the northern kingdom's capital was chosen only circa 880 BCE, by Omri, its 7th king and the founder of a new dynasty. The elite class of citizens from Samaria and other northern towns were replaced by colonists from different countries, sent there by the Assyrian king. It was the residence of the northern kingdom's most famous ruler, King Ahab, and his infamous queen, Jezebel. Its capital was Samaria. City of Samaria - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway Ahlstrm (1993), 455542; Meyers (1998); Lemaire (1999); Masters (2001); Stager (2003); Rainey (2006), 159168; Kitchen (1997); Millard (1997; 2008). Mazar, B. DepartmentBldg Tucson, AZ 85721 TEL 520-621-6897 FAX 520-626-9014. The city was not founded until about 880/879 bc, when Omri made it . [17], As of 1999 three series of coins have been found that confirm Sinuballat was a governor of Samaria. At the end of the second century B.C.E., the Jewish ruler John Hyrcanus besieged it for an entire year before he captured and destroyed it, along with the Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim, probably in or shortly before 107 B.C.E. Ahab slaughtered an abundance of sheep and oxen for him and for the people who were with him, and induced him View more, 9Now the king of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah were sitting on their thrones, arrayed in their robes; and they were sitting at the threshing floor at the View more. Of or belonging to any of several branches of Christianity, especially from Eastern Europe and the Middle East, whose adherents trace their tradition back to the earliest Christian communities. The story of Omri's purchase of a suitable site and naming it Samaria (Shomron) after Shemer the previous owner is related in I Kings 16:24. Samaria as a city in the Bible was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. Northern Israelite kingdom, c. 930720 BCE, This article is about the northern kingdom during divided monarchy. Elijah Flees from Jezebel1Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and how he had killed all the prophets with the sword.2Then Jezebel sent a messenger to E View more. His palace was built over a few of those installations, putting them out of action, but the vast majority continued to function during Building Period I for circa 60 years until the city was drastically altered during Building Period II (see Franklin 2004 for a revision of Building Periods I and II). In c. 732 BCE, Pekah of Israel, while allied with Rezin, king of Aram, threatened Jerusalem. Durante el asedio de tres aos de Samaria por los asirios, Salmanasar V muri y fue sucedido por Sargn II de Asiria. and was one of Israels most powerful kings. Biblical Samaria: Samaria National Park (Sebastia) - holylandsite Both the capital city and the region over which it ruled bore the name Samaria. In the earlier cuneiform inscriptions, Samaria is designated under the name of "Bet umri" ("the house of Omri"); but in those of Tiglath-Pileser III (ruled 745727 BCE) and later it is called Samirin, after its Aramaic name,[12] Shamerayin. https://www.bibleodyssey.org:443/en/places/main-articles/samaria. The city of Samaria, the ancient capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel, was built by King Omri in the seventh year of his reign, c. 884 B.C.E., on the mountain he had reportedly bought for two talents of silver from a man called Shemer, after whom the city was named (1 Kings 16:23-24). Shechem (/ k m / SHEK-m), also spelled Sichem (/ s k m / SIK-m; Hebrew: , em; lit. [15] Later anachronisms, legends and literary forms also affect the story. Samaria (Hebrew: Shomron) is mentioned in the Bible in 1 Kings 16:24 as the name of the mountain on which Omri, ruler of the northern Israelite kingdom in the 9th century BCE, built his capital, naming it also Samaria. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. It was also the name of the administrative district surrounding the city under later Greek and Roman administrations, referring to the mountainous region between the Sea of Galilee to the north and Judea to the south. 25879 in, This page was last edited on 8 October 2022, at 07:29. The Hebrew Bible obliquely praises and criticizes the lavish royal houses purportedly constructed by Ahab. After Herod's death, Sebaste and the province of Samaria came under the administration of his son Archelaus, after whose banishment it passed to the control of Roman procurators. The city was not founded until about 880/879 bc, when Omri made it the new capital of the northern Hebrew kingdom of Israel and named it Samaria. Jordan ceded its claims in the West Bank (except for certain prerogatives in Jerusalem) to the PLO in November 1988, later confirmed by the IsraelJordan Treaty of Peace of 1994. xiii. Why did Omri not choose an existing site, such as the traditional center at Shechem, or Tirzah, the city used as a temporary capital by his predecessor? Between c. 884-722 B.C.E. 27: 8-9, 15). (5) In the limits of Samaria and Judea lies the village Anuath, which is also named Borceos. Complacent Self-Indulgence Will Be Punished1Alas for those who are at ease in Zion,and for those who feel secure on Mount Samaria,the notables of the first o View more. It remained the capital until its destruction by the Assyrians in 722. [7], The existence of an Israelite state in the north is documented in 9th century inscriptions. Jerusalem became the capital of Judah, and Samaria, Israel. To the north, the territory of Samaria is bounded by the Esdraelon valley; to the east by the Jordan River; to the west by the Carmel Ridge (in the north) and the Sharon plain (in the west); to the south by Judea (the Jerusalem mountains). It occupied a strong position on a hill, and the Assyrians could not capture it until after a siege of three years (2 Kgs. For the answer, we must turn to archaeology. Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Chapter 3 Israel and Judah from 926/925 to the Conquest of Samaria in 722/720 BCE", "Migration of Israelites into Judah after 720 BCE: An Answer and an Update", "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation", "Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy", About Israel - The Information Center About Israel, List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)&oldid=1119238537, States and territories established in the 10th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 8th century BC, Articles needing additional references from January 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles containing Akkadian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Palace Door, Small Summary Inscription, Cylinder Inscription, Bull Inscription, This page was last edited on 31 October 2022, at 12:16. [39], The ancient site of Samaria-Sebaste covers the hillside overlooking the Palestinian village of Sebastia on the eastern slope of the hill. Miller (1997); Halpern (2001), 229262; Liverani (2005), 92101. 33You shall be filled with drunkenness and sorrow. In the seventh year of King Hoshea, Samaria was besieged by Shalmaneser. [citation needed] Much of the anti-Samaritan polemic in the Hebrew Bible and extra-biblical texts (such as Josephus) originate from this point and on.[26]. Samaria (/smri/) is a historical and biblical name used for the central region of the Land of Israel, bordered by Galilee to the north and Judaea to the south. Their temple was built at Mount Gerizim in the middle of the 5th century BCE, and was destroyed under the Hasmonean king John Hyrcanus of Judea in 110 BCE, although their descendants still worship among its ruins. [6], In Nelson's Encyclopaedia (1906-1934), the Samaria region in the three centuries following the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel, i.e. 15, 4), and was afterward taken by Pompey, who rebuilt it and attached it to the government of Syria (ib. In the fourth century Sebaste was a small town (Eusebius, "Onomasticon," s.v.). According to 2 Kings 16:9 and 2 Kings 15:29, the population of Aram and the annexed part of Israel was deported to Assyria. [11], The fact that the mountain was called Shomeron when Omri bought it may indicate that the correct etymology of the name is to be found more directly, in the Semitic root for "guard", hence its initial meaning would have been "watch mountain". A system of religious worship, or cultus (e.g., the Israelite cult). Harvard Semitic Series (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press). According to Sargon's inscriptions, two years later it made an alliance with the cities of Hamath, Arpad, and Damascus against the Assyrians. tradition claims Samaria as the burial place of John the Baptist. A triangle of three citiesShechem, Tirzah, and Samarialay near the center of this area and served as religious and political centers. Samaria Capital of Israel By Rupert Chapman King Omri of Israel selected Samaria as his capital and built an elaborate palace there in the ninth century B.C.E. [3] The records of Sargon II of Assyria indicate that he deported 27,290 inhabitants of the former kingdom to Mesopotamia. Stager then proposed that Building Period 0 represented the estate that belonged to the biblical Shemer (I Kings 16:23-24) (Stager 1990). [22], After the destruction of Israel, the Samaritans emerged as an ethnoreligious group in the region of Samaria, claiming descent from the Israelites. How samaria came to be? - masx.afphila.com The Harvard Expedition exposed and documented many of them but made no attempt to understand their function; the Joint Expedition incorrectly attributed those that they excavated to the early Bronze Age. [25] This religion is sometimes referred to by modern scholars as Yahwism. Was Samaria a part of Israel? - Israel travel guide the thief breaks in, The Assyrians are brutal but are not fools. Where Was Samaria? And it was the second capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel.
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