The National Assembly is the lower house of the legislature composed of 146 members who serve for five-year terms. About half of the adult population is literate, although literacy rates for men are substantially higher than those for women. Mauritania is an Islamic republic with a highly centralized government in which power is vested in the executive president as head of state, aided by a prime minister who acts as the head of government and a council of ministers. The election was won by Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi. This page provides - Mauritania Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical . In 2017, though, the Senate was abolished by a popular referendum, leaving the National Assembly as the sole chamber of the legislature. Col. Mohamed Vall was once regarded as a firm ally of the now-ousted president Sid'Ahmed Taya, even aiding him in the original coup that brought him to power, and later serving as his security chief. This law has not been widely enforced, and the government continues to deny that slavery exists. The population is about 4.8 million (2021), and the density of 4 inhabitants per square kilometer makes it one of the least densely populated countries in the world. Hmeida was arrested in January 2006 on charges of "serious crimes against the country's essential economic interests". Mauritania is a sovereign state, formerly existing as a colony of France. There is a major hospital in Nouakchott and a number of other regional health centres, including maternity clinics. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. Mauritania no longer requires quarantine for any traveler who arrives with a negative PCR test for COVID-19. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. Mauritania is essentially a desert country, with vast expanses of pastoral land and only 0.5% of arable land. bp - Official Sponsors of H2 View's Policy Content. A 2006 decree stipulated that one-fifth of political party positions be reserved for women; in addition, in September of that year two women were appointed as the countrys first female governors. The army is by far the largest contingent. Government Expenditures for Mauritania from The World Bank for the World Development Indicators (WDI) release. The Government of Mauritania has a strong interest in improving the effectiveness and accountability of its criminal justice sector and it is eager to play a regional role, working with and supporting its neighbors through the G5 Sahel organization created in 2014. The Ministry of Interior controls a system of regional governors and prefects modeled on the French system of local administration. Inaugural holder. Primary schooling, which lasts for six years, begins at age six and is officially compulsory. The High Council for Fatwa and Administrative Appeals issues opinions on Islamic law and examines complaints from citizens on both civil and legal disputes.. Morocco and Tunisia are ok, but their deserts are small. The Parti Rpublicain Dmocratique et Social (PRDS), led by President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, has dominated Mauritanian politics since the country's first multi-party elections in April 1992 following the approval by referendum of the current constitution in July 1991. Form of government, constitution and separation of powers. The government claims that there is no longer any slavery, only its legacy, in the form of extreme poverty and exclusion, which it . Of the 1,640,340 vaccine doses, 100% were donated in partnership with COVAX. Under this one-party constitution, Daddah was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976. A professional and accountable prison system in Mauritania will help counter violent extremism by enhancing the rule of law and government legitimacy and reducing the potential for radicalization among the prison population. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. The Mauritanian government is looking to encourage more development in their onshore oil and gas sector, specifically in the Taoudenni Basin, located in western Mauritania. There are numerous private local libraries in many urban centres that specialize in Arabic works; among these are the family libraries of Arabic manuscripts in Boutilimit, Chinguei, and Kadi. Nouakchott is the site of a national library, national archives, and a national cultural and social research centre, which houses a repository for the national collection of Arabic manuscripts. Mauritania's president appointed a new government on Sunday, following a bombshell report that linked a number of ex-ministers to alleged corruption under former leader Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. Mauritania is based on a legal system that incorporates aspects of Islamic law as well as the French civil law system. In a statement, bp said the agreement built on "existing strong relationships" and could be an . The judiciary is composed of several courts with the Supreme Court being the highest. The 1991 constitution outlines the legal framework within which the government is to act and outlines the freedoms and rights of its citizens. Attempts to re-introduce democratic rule began in 1991 with the reintroduction of a multiparty system and a new constitution. Mauritania is a republic. Foreign Government Reports. Mauritania achieved independence from France in 1960. Mauritania. Mauritania Government Budget Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). 2. Mauritania is a member of the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership and receives security assistance to support its counterterrorism efforts. A modern distribution network will be set up as part of this initiative. Six candidates, including Mauritania's first female and first Haratine (former slave family) candidates, represented a wide variety of political goals and backgrounds. ):3,516,806 (growth rate: 2.26%); birth rate: 31.83/1000; infant mortality rate: 56.06/1000; life expectancy: 62.28 Since the late 1960s, U.S. cooperation with Mauritania has varied in response to political conditions. Formerly a French colony, it gained its Independence . The government of Mauritania designates certain areas off-limits to foreigners and most Mauritanians. The University of Nouakchott (1981) has faculties of letters and human sciences and of law and economics. At the end of December 2005, authorities estimated that in 2006, the oil profits would be 47 billion ouguiyas (about US$180 million) and represent a quarter of the state budget, according to RFI. . Parliamentary and municipal elections were held on the 19 November 2006 [1]. The opposition participated in municipal elections in JanuaryFebruary 1994 and subsequent Senate elections, most recently in April 2004, gaining representation at the local level as well as three seats in the Senate. Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz succeeded Cheikh Abdalla as the president and was officially elected in 2009 after the resignation of Cheikh. Presidency of Maaouya Ould Sidi Ahmed Taya (19842005), Coups of 2005 and 2008 and the return to stability. It achieved independence in 1960, but has since experienced recurrent coups and periods of military dictatorship. This was the first time the president was selected by ballot in the country's history. 1. What Type Of Government Does Mauritania Have? The judiciary is the independent legal body of the Mauritanian government. the former president's government also allocated 3.5 million square meters (3.8 million square feet) of property to eighteen fake companies, violated the public procurement code in a number of infrastructure projects, and flagrantly violated regulations on project management through awarding infrastructure contracts to public companies that Other advanced education is provided by a research institute for mining and industry, a centre for Islamic studies, and a training facility for administrative personnel in Nouakchott. By. At the time of independence in 1960, the language of the educational system was French, and a majority of students came from the southern part of the country, mainly from the Tukulor and Wolof populations, where there was a tradition of French colonial schooling. The notable gains made in Mauritania are acknowledged even by the government's many domestic critics. The law provides for public access to government information and authorities generally grant citizens access (HRR 2014). "[7], In August 2019, Mohamed Ould Ghazouani was sworn in as Mauritanias tenth president since its independence from France in 1960. The Government of Mauritania has a strong interest in improving the effectiveness and accountability of its criminal justice sector and it is eager to play a regional role, working with and supporting its neighbors through the G5 Sahel organization created in 2014. Due to the constantly evolving situation, we cannot confirm the quarantine procedures upon entry into neighboring countries or upon entry into Mauritania. Mauritania's endless sea of sand dunes hides an open secret: An estimated 10% to 20% of the population lives in slavery. Minorities also participate in the political process, though in general at a rate lower than their proportion of the wider population. Two pumping stations will be built to the east of the city. The composition and recitation of poetry, both in classical forms and in the assniyyah dialect, have traditionally been among the distinguishing marks of high culture in Saharan desert society. Signed by Woodside two weeks after the February 1, 2005 legislation authorizing the four amendments, they provided for a lower state quota in the profit-oil, and reduced taxes by 15 percent in certain zones. No statement to the press was made following the resignation, which could be explained in part by the harsh criticism of the President of . By April 1992, as civilian rule returned, 16 major political parties had been recognized; 12 major political parties were active in 2004. Mauritania abolished slavery in 1981 and criminalized it in 2007. Nouakchott's authorities declared that the government would likely seek international arbitration, which Woodside (which operated for Hardman, BG Group, Premier, ROC Oil, Fusion, Petronas, Dana Petroleum, Energy Africa and the Hydrocarbons Mauritanian Society) also contemplated. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. A popular referendum approved the current constitution in July 1991. In Egypt it is hard to get permission to travel other than in the tourist areas. The government bureaucracy comprises traditional ministries, special agencies, and parastatal companies. The executive consists of the president, the prime minister, and a cabinet. The media environment in Mauritania is considered "partly free" (FotP 2015). The Mauritanian defense forces consist of an army, a navy, an air force, and a paramilitary. The U.S. engages with Mauritania on a wide array of issues, including counterterrorism, food security, trade promotion, and efforts to strengthen human rights and the rule of law. A committee of military officers governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya's rule (1984-2005), Military Council for Justice and Democracy, "Crise ouverte avec la compagnie ptrolire Woodside", afp.google.com, Coup in Mauritania as president, PM arrested, news.bbc.co.uk, Troops stage 'coup' in Mauritania, telegraph.co.uk,Mauritania president under house arrest as army stages coup, "themedialine.org, Generals Seize Power in Mauritanian Coup", Renegade army officers stage coup in Mauritania, "Ghazouani sworn in as new Mauritanian president", "Mauritania's new president sets down his mark", "First peaceful transfer of power in Mauritania's presidential polls", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Mauritania&oldid=1115792539, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2010, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 October 2022, at 06:51. Programs will enhance the Government of Mauritanias capability to operate and manage its corrections institutions and justice sector in a professional and accountable manner in conformity with international standards and norms. Since 1992, direct presidential elections have been scheduled every six years. A coup in 2008 ended his rule, which was already turning authoritarian. Slavery is still said to exist in Mauritania, some 100 years after slavery officially ended in the West and since it was officially abolished in the country in 1981. In 1991 a new constitution established a multiparty system and a new bicameral legislative structure. The constitution guarantees suffrage to all citizens above the age of 18 and allows them to participate in elections. An official website of the United States Government, Office of the U.S. This page provides forecast and historical data, charts, statistics, news and updates for Mauritania Government Expenditures. Applauded by the Mauritanian people, but cautiously watched by the international community, the coup has since been generally accepted, while the military junta has promised to organize elections within two years. Following certification of the 2009 election by foreign observers, bilateral assistance restrictions were lifted. Mauritania's mining sector is regulated by the Law 2008-011 of the Mining Code, which was last amended in 2014, which defines the conditions for obtaining mining rights. The ousting of presidents continued due to failure to uphold the constitution. Until 2017 Mauritania had a bicameral legislature made up of the Senate, the majority of whose members were elected by municipal leaders, and the National Assembly, whose members are elected by popular vote for five-year terms. Control remains tightly concentrated in the executive branch of the central government, but a series of national and municipal elections since 1992 have produced some limited decentralization. An overhaul of all mining sector regulations is underway. They took advantage of President Taya's attendance at the funeral of Saudi King Fahd to organize the coup, which took place without loss of life. The U.S.-North Africa Partnership for Economic Opportunity (NAPEO) is a regional public-private partnership that enhances the network of entrepreneurs and business leaders in the U.S. and each of the five Maghreb countries: Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. Among the mostly small groupings, two main opposition parties emerged: Most opposition parties boycotted the first legislative election in 1992, and for nearly a decade the Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS) dominated the parliament. [8][9] Mohamed Ould Ghazouani's victory in the 2019 Mauritanian presidential election was presented as having been the country's first peaceful transition of power since independence. -. CGTN Africa. 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